Occupational health psychology research and the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to generate threats to occupational health, safety, and well-being. As a result, it presents an opportunity to deepen the field's insights into occupational health psychology (OHP), and to offer practical guidance that may help workers, organizations, and society mitigate the pandemic's negative effects. This special section of the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (JOHP) addresses several implications of the pandemic for well-being and work behavior. The pandemic raises many additional questions deserving of research attention. Such topics include the implications of organizations' evolving workforce and workplace decisions, and work as a mechanism for public health and societal well-being. OHP research also has the potential to generate ideas that may prove useful for addressing future crises. A greater consideration of context may help the field achieve such aims. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Predictores selectivos en el sector público: validez predictiva y reacciones de los candidatos / Selection predictors in the public sector: predictive validity and candidate reactions

Esta investigación ha tenido como objetivo profundizar en el conocimiento sobre el funcionamiento de los procedimientos selectivos en el sector público. Para ello, a partir de los datos del concurso-oposición de 2010 para la selección de auxiliares administrativos en el Gobierno Vasco se estudiaron dos cuestiones: a) la validez predictiva de los predictores empleados y b) la justicia percibida por parte de los auxiliares con respecto al proceso selectivo y a las pruebas empleadas y su relación con el resultado en las mismas y el desempeño laboral. Los resultados muestran que la prueba de conocimientos es el mejor predictor del desempeño y que las reacciones de los candidatos presentan una correlación positiva con el desempeño laboral y con el resultado en el test de juicio situacional. Se comentan las limitaciones de la investigación así como las implicaciones prácticas de los resultados

The purpose of this research has been to deepen the knowledge about how selection procedures work in the public sector. To this aim two aspects were considered: a) the predictive validity of the predictors employed and b) the perceived justice of the hired workers regarding the selection process and the tests used and their relation with test performance and job performance. The results show that the job knowledge test is the best predictor of performance and that the reactions of the candidates present a positive correlation with job performance and with the situational judgment test results. The limitations of the research as well as the practical implications of the results are discussed

Organizational culture, internal marketing, and perceived organizational support in Portuguese higher education institutions / Cultura organizacional, marketing interno y apoyo organizacional percibido en instituciones de educación superior portuguesas

Changes imposed on public higher education institutions try to adopt some management practices in public organizations. In this study, we intend to understand how organizational culture (support, innovation, goals, rules) and internal marketing can contribute to the organizational support of employees of higher education institutions. The study was developed with a sample of 635 employees. The results show that organizational culture and internal marketing contribute to the explanation of perceived organizational support (POS). Then, through a structural equation model, it was possible to confirm the contribution of support culture and internal marketing to the explanation of POS. More studies are necessary taking students’ point of view into account. These results reveal the importance of the fact that organizations need to implement a culture of support and appropriate internal communication networks that allow employees to perceive social support

Los cambios impuestos por las instituciones de educación superior públicas tratan de encajar algunas prácticas de gestión en las organizaciones públicas. En este estudio pretendemos entender cómo la cultura organizacional (apoyo, innovación, objetivos, reglas) y el marketing interno pueden contribuir al apoyo de la organización a los empleados de las instituciones de educación superior. El estudio fue desarrollado con una muestra de 635 empleados. Los resultados muestran que la cultura organizacional y el marketing interno contribuyen a la explicación de la percepción de apoyo organizacional (PAO). Se pudo confirmar la contribución de la cultura de apoyo y marketing interno a la explicación de la PAO. Se necesitan más estudios que tengan en cuenta el punto de vista de los estudiantes. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de la necesidad que tienen las organizaciones de implementar una cultura de apoyo y redes de comunicación

Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Global Transformational Leadership (GTL) scale / Propiedades psicométricas de la versión portuguesa de la escala Global Transformational Leadership (GTL)

The aim of this study is to adapt and consequently validate the Global Transformational Leadership measuring scale (GTL). The scale was therefore applied to a sample of 456 members of 70 work groups, belonging to 26 organizations. The factorial structure of the scale was analysed through the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), with the sample being split in two equal parts: EFA was conducted in both sub-samples and CFA was applied in the second sub-sample. The internal consistency was evaluated via Cronbach's alpha and the nomological validity was analysed via the evaluation of the GTL's correlations with both team-level autonomy and quality of group experience. The results revealed the presence of a unidimensional scale with a good level of internal consistency. Regarding the nomological validity, the results pointed to hypothetical relations, since the GTL showed positive correlations with the variables considered. Thus, the Portuguese version of the GTL is presented as a useful instrument for evaluating transformational leadership (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y, consecuentemente, validar al portugués la escala Global Transformational Leadership (GTL). La escala se aplicó a una muestra de 456 miembros de 70 grupos de trabajo, pertenecientes a 26 organizaciones. La estructura factorial fue analizada mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), después de dividir la muestra en dos partes iguales: la AFE se aplicó en las dos muestras y la CFA en la segunda muestra. La consistencia interna se evaluó mediante el alfa de Cronbach y la validez nomológica se analizó mediante las correlaciones de GTL con la autonomía del grupo y la calidad de la experiencia del grupo. Los resultados revelaron la presencia de una escala unidimensional com un buen nivel de consistencia interna. Los datos sobre la validez nomológica confirmaron las relaciones previstas, habiendo presentado la GTL correlaciones positivas con las variables consideradas. La version portuguesa de la GTL se presenta como una herramienta útil para evaluar el liderazgo transformacional (AU)

When and which employees feel obliged: a personality perspective of how organizational identification develops / Cuándo están agradecidos los empleados y a qué aspectos: el desarrollo de la identificación con la organización desde la perspectiva de la personalidad

This paper examines the indirect effect of interpersonal and informational justice on organizational identification through psychological contract fulfillment across different levels of equity sensitivity. The data were collected using self-reported measures from 656 permanent employees working in five commercial banks in Pakistan. The statistical results of the study confirmed that the indirect effect of interpersonal and informational justice on organizational identification through psychological contract fulfillment is significant. However, the statistical results of the study also demonstrated that the indirect effect of interpersonal and informational justice does not differ across different levels of equity sensitivity. This study offers some implications for managers to maintain an effective employment relationship with the employees inside the organizations (AU)

Este artículo analiza el efecto indirecto de la justicia interpersonal e informativa en la identificación con la organización a través del cumplimiento del contrato psicológico en los diferentes niveles de sensibilidad a la equidad. Por medio de medidas de autoinforme se recogieron datos de 656 empleados fijos de cinco bancos comerciales de Paquistán. Los resultados estadísticos del estudio confirman que es significativo el efecto indirecto de la justicia interpersonal e informativa en la identificación con la organización a través del cumplimiento del contrato psicológico. No obstante, dichos resultados demuestran también que el efecto indirecto de la justicia interpersonal e informativa no es distinto en los distintos niveles de sensibilidad a la equidad. El estudio propone algunas implicaciones para que los directivos mantengan una relación eficaz de empleo con los empleados en el seno de las organizaciones (AU)

Effect of leader-member exchange on employee envy and work behavior moderated by self-esteem and neuroticism / El efecto del intercambio líder-subordinado en la envidia del empleado y el comportamiento en el trabajo: la autoestima y el neuroticismo como moderadores

This study investigates the impact of leader-member exchange (LMX) on envy in the workplace and the subsequent effects of envy on work engagement and socially undermining behavior. In addition, the moderating roles of personality traits, such as self-esteem and neuroticism, are examined in this relationship. Paired questionnaires were personally collected from 245 subordinates and 82 of their immediate supervisors. Empirical analysis of the responses revealed: (a) the quality of LMX is negatively related to employee envy in the workplace, (b) employee envy mediates the relationship between LMX and work engagement, (c) self-esteem boosts the relationship between envy and work engagement, but decreases the relationship between envy and social undermining, and (d) neuroticism exacerbates the relationship between envy and social undermining (AU)

En este estudio se investigó el impacto del LMX en la envidia de los empleados en el lugar de trabajo y su efecto en el comportamiento laboral de los empleados, tales como el compromiso con el trabajo y el comportamiento de debilitamiento social. Además, se analizó el rol moderador de rasgos de personalidad tales como la autoestima o el neuroticismo en relación a la envidia y el comportamiento en el trabajo de los empleados. Se recogieron personalmente cuestionarios emparejados de 245 empleados y de 82 de sus supervisores directos (la media era de 3 empleados por supervisor). Los hallazgos de la investigación pueden generalizarse de la siguiente manera: (a) la calidad del LMX está negativamente relacionada con la envidia del empleado en su lugar de trabajo, (b) la envidia del empleado media en la relación entre LMX y el compromiso laboral, (c) la autoestima fomenta las relaciones entre envidia y compromiso laboral pero disminuye la relación entre envidia y debilitamiento social y (d) el neuroticismo sólo potencia la relación entre envidia y debilitamiento social (AU)

Journalists’occupational stress: a comparative study between reporting critical events and domestic news

Nowadays, journalism is considered a stressful occupation, not only due to the stress perceived in journalists’ daily work but also due to the critical, potentially traumatic events they report. However, research on journalists’ occupational stress in both these professional settings is still scarce. This study aims to characterize and compare occupational stress variables perceived by journalists in their daily work and in critical scenarios. Taking the Holistic Model of Occupational Stress by Nelson and Simmons (2003) as a framework, 25 Portuguese journalists, all with experience in reporting critical events, were interviewed on their perceptions of some core variables of the model: occupational stressors, distress and eustress emotional reactions, and the consequences of these experiences on their well-being. Differences among these core variables, according to the number of deployments to a critical event, were statistically analysed in order to ascertain whether repeated exposure to trauma influenced journalists’ occupational stress perceptions. The data content analysis showed that occupational stressors and emotional reactions differed across settings, while the consequences associated with journalists’ experiences were perceived as being mainly negative in both occupational contexts. Significant differences were identified in some of these variables according to the number of deployments to a critical event (p < .05). These findings may contribute to a reflection on the role of media organizations in preparing and supporting journalists in their work performance, and on the promotion of occupational health within the scope of journalists’ daily work and critical events. The article closes with considerations for future studies (AU)

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Transformational leadership and group potency in small military units: The mediating role of group identification and cohesion / El liderazgo transformacional y la potencia grupal en unidades militares pequeñas: el papel mediador de la identificación y cohesión grupales

In the present study, we examined an exploratory model to assess the relationship between transformational leadership and group potency and analyze the mediating role of group identification and cohesion. The research was conducted with squads of the Spanish Army. The sample was composed of 243 members of 51 squads of operational units. Our findings highlighted the importance of the transformational leadership style of command of non-commissioned officers (NCOs) due to its positive relationship with the group potency of the squad. We also analyzed the indirect relationships between transformational leadership and group identification and group cohesion and found that the latter variables played a mediating role between transformational leadership and group potency. The conclusions of this study are relevant due to the growing importance of transformational leadership and actions implemented at lower levels of the command chain for the success of missions of security organizations and defense (AU)

En el presente estudio se examina un modelo exploratorio que evalúa la relación entre liderazgo transformacional y potencia del grupo donde se analiza el papel mediador de la identificación de grupo y la cohesión grupal. La investigación se realizó con pelotones del ejército español. La muestra se compuso de 243 miembros de 51 pelotones de unidades operativas. Se destacan de los resultados la importancia del estilo de liderazgo transformacional en el mando de los suboficiales debido a su relación positiva con la potencia de grupo. Se analizaron las relaciones indirectas entre variables existiendo un papel mediador de la identificación y la cohesión entre liderazgo transformacional y la potencia del grupo. Las conclusiones de este estudio son relevantes debido a la importancia del liderazgo transformacional para ser ejercido en los niveles más básicos de la cadena de mando con objeto de obtener éxito en las misiones asignadas a las organizaciones de defensa y seguridad (AU)

Employees’ psychological capital, job satisfaction, insecurity, and intentions to quit: the direct and indirect effects of authentic leadership / Capital psicológico, satisfacción laboral, inseguridad e intención de abandono de los trabajadores: efectos directos e indirectos del liderazgo auténtico

To investigate the impact of an authentic leader on employees’ psychological capital (PsyCap), job satisfaction, job insecurity, and intentions to quit the organisation, mediation analyses, as well as a conditional process analyses, were conducted using data collected from an offshore organisation. Findings showed that employees who perceived their leader as being authentic reported more job satisfaction and less job insecurity and intentions to quit the organisations. Moreover, results also showed an indirect effect of authentic leadership through PsyCap. Finally, the influence of the captains’ authenticity did not vary depending on whether or not the captain was the employees’ immediate superior. Results from this study suggest that efforts should be made to focus on the components of an authentic leader during recruitment, training, or intervention. Conclusively, employees working in the marine/offshore sector are faced with persistent fluctuations and uncertainties, and having an authentic leader will promote job satisfaction, while reducing both job insecurities and turnover intentions among employees (AU)

Con objeto de investigar la influencia del líder auténtico en el capital psicológico de los trabajadores (cap-psi), la satisfacción en el trabajo, la inseguridad laboral y la intención de abandonar la empresa, se llevaron a cabo análisis de mediación y de procesos condicionales con datos sacados de una empresa offshore. Los resultados muestran que los trabajadores que percibían a su jefe como auténtico estaban más satisfechos y con menor inseguridad laboral e intención de abandonar la empresa. También había un efecto indirecto del liderazgo auténtico a través del capital psicológico. Por último, la influencia de la autenticidad de los jefes no variaba por que el jefe fuera el inmediato superior. Estos resultados indican que habría que hacer hincapié en los componentes del líder auténtico durante el reclutamiento, la formación y la intervención. Como conclusión, los trabajadores del sector marino/offshore se enfrentan a continuas fluctuaciones e incertidumbre, por lo que la existencia de un liderazgo auténtico aumentaría la satisfacción a la par que disminuirían tanto la inseguridad laboral de los trabajadores como su intención de abandono (AU)

Invisible, therefore isolated: comparative effects of team virtuality with task virtuality on workplace isolation and work outcomes / Invisible, luego aislado. Efectos comparativos de la virtualidad del equipo y de la tarea en el aislamiento en el trabajo y los resultados laborales

The new standards of technological and flexible arrangements have made virtual work prevalent for almost everyone in all levels of an organization. Whether in a virtual or traditional setting, current working conditions allow anyone to collaborate, work and interact with others through electronic means of communication, thereby creating a lack of face-to-face contact. Even though the dynamics of virtuality have been widely elaborated at the team level, there are still many unknowns about the impacts of virtuality experienced at an individual level. This paper aims to shed light on the relationship between workplace social isolation, job satisfaction, perceived performance and turnover intention comparing individual responses to team virtuality and task virtuality. Our findings propose that there are statistically significant relations between individual task virtuality, workplace social isolation, satisfaction, perceived performance and turnover intention in organizations. The results also reveal that task virtuality is a better predictor than team virtuality in estimating workplace social isolation and turnover intention (AU)

Los nuevos criterios de disposición flexible han conseguido la predominancia del trabajo virtual para casi todos en todos los niveles de la organización. Ya sea en un contexto virtual o en uno tradicional, las actuales condiciones de trabajo permiten que cualquiera colabore, trabaje e interactúe con los demás por medio de sistemas de comunicación electrónicos, lo que da lugar a una falta de contacto cara a cara. A pesar de que la dinámica de la virtualidad se ha elaborado mayormente al nivel de equipo, se desconoce mucho sobre la repercusión de la virtualidad experimentada a un nivel individual. Este trabajo pretende arrojar luz sobre la relación entre aislamiento social en el trabajo, satisfacción laboral, percepción del desempeño e intención de abandono, al comparar respuestas individuales con la virtualidad del equipo y de la tarea. Los resultados apuntan a que hay relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la virtualidad individual de la tarea, aislamiento social en el trabajo, satisfacción, percepción de desempeño e intención de abandono en las empresas. También los resultados muestran que la virtualidad de la tarea predice mejor que la virtualidad del equipo el nivel de aislamiento social en el trabajo y la intención de abandono (AU)

Respuesta: «Riesgos psicosociales: ¿Hay que evaluar las condiciones de ocupación?» / Response: «Should psychosocial risk factors associated with working conditions be evaluated?»

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Traditional scores versus irt estimates on forced-choice tests based on a dominance model / Puntuaciones tradicionales y estimaciones TRI en tests de elección forzosa con un modelo de dominancia

BACKGROUND: Forced-choice tests (FCTs) were proposed to minimize response biases associated with Likert format items. It remains unclear whether scores based on traditional methods for scoring FCTs are appropriate for between-subjects comparisons. Recently, Hontangas et al. (2015) explored the extent to which traditional scoring of FCTs relates to the true scores and IRT estimates. The authors found certain conditions under which traditional scores (TS) can be used with FCTs when the underlying IRT model was an unfolding model. In this study, we examine to what extent the results are preserved when the underlying process becomes a dominance model. METHOD: The independent variables analyzed in a simulation study are: forced-choice format, number of blocks, discrimination of items, polarity of items, variability of intra-block difficulty, range of difficulty, and correlation between dimensions. RESULTS: A similar pattern of results was observed for both models; however, correlations between TS and true thetas are higher and the differences between TS and IRT estimates are less discrepant when a dominance model involved. CONCLUSIONS: A dominance model produces a linear relationship between TS and true scores, and the subjects with extreme thetas are better measured

ANTECEDENTES: los tests de elección forzosa (TEFs) fueron propuestos para reducir los sesgos de respuesta de ítems tipo Likert. Se cuestiona que los métodos de puntuación tradicional (PT) empleados permitan hacer comparaciones entre-sujetos. Recientemente, Hontangas et al. (2015) exploraron cómo las PTs obtenidas con diferentes TEFs se relacionan con sus puntuaciones verdaderas y estimaciones TRI, mostrando las condiciones para ser utilizadas cuando el modelo subyacente es un modelo de unfolding. El objetivo del trabajo actual es comprobar si el patrón de resultados se mantiene con un modelo de dominancia. MÉTODO: las variables independientes del estudio de simulación fueron: formato de elección forzosa, número de bloques, discriminación de los ítems, polaridad de los ítems, variabilidad de la dificultad intrabloque, rango de dificultad del test y correlación entre dimensiones. RESULTADOS: un patrón similar de resultados fue obtenido en ambos modelos, pero en el modelo de dominancia las correlaciones entre PTs y puntuaciones verdaderas son más altas y las diferencias entre PTs y estimaciones TRI se reducen. CONCLUSIONES: un modelo de dominancia produce una relación lineal entre PTs y puntuaciones verdaderas, y los sujetos con puntuaciones extremas son medidos mejor

Síndrome de estrés laboral crónico por el trabajo (burnout) en los profesionales de la educación física brasileños / Chronic work stress syndrome (burnout) in Brazilian physical education professionals / Síndrome do estresse laboral (burnout) em profissionais de educação física brasileiros

Burnout es resultado de la exposición prolongada al estrés laboral crónico con recuperación insuficiente. El presente estudio analizó los tres componentes de burnout (agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización profesional) en una muestra de profesionales de la educación física de la Región Metropolitana de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Fueron estudiados 588 sujetos y los componentes de burnout se definieron mediante la versión traducida del Maslach Burnout Inventory. Se trataron las diferencias entre sexo, edad y características laborales en los tres componentes de burnout. Los hombres obtuvieron como resultado puntuaciones más bajas asociadas con la realización profesional que las mujeres. Las puntuaciones equivalentes al agotamiento emocional y despersonalización fueron significativamente más elevadas en profesionales con más edad. Con relación a las características laborales, mayor experiencia profesional, calificación académica inferior, actividad en la enseñanza básica, jornada de trabajo ≥ 41 horas/semana, pluriempleo y menor ingreso económico aumentaron significativamente las posibilidades de padecer burnout. En conclusión, los presentes hallazgos pueden ser empleados para diseñar programas de intervención e implementar cambios en el ambiente de trabajo destinados a mejorar la salud laboral y el bienestar en general de los profesionales de la educación física

Burnout is the result of prolonged exposure to chronic work stress with insufficient recovery. This study examined the three components of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, personal accomplishment) in a sample of physical education professionals from the metropolitan region of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. A total of 588 subjects were analysed and the components of burnout were defined by the Portuguese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. We studied the differences between genders, ages and job characteristics for the three components of burnout. Men obtained lower scores associated with personal accomplishment than women. The equivalent scores for emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation were significantly higher in older professionals. Regarding job characteristics, greater work experience, lower academic qualification, professional activity in primary education, weekly workload ≥ 41 hours/week, multiple employment and lower income significantly increased the odds of the presence of burnout. In conclusion, these findings can be used to design intervention programmes and implement changes in the working environment aimed at improving occupational health and the overall well-being of physical education professionals

Burnouté resultado da exposição prolongada ao estresse laboral crônico com recuperação insuficiente. O presente estudo analisou os trêscomponentes de burnout(esgotamento emocional, despersonalização e realização profissional) em uma amostra de profissionais de educação física da Região Metropolitana de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Foram estudados 588 sujeitos e se definiu os componentes de burnoutmediante versão traduzida doMaslach Burnout Inventory. Foram tratadas as diferenças entre sexo, idade e características laborais nos três componentes de burnout. Os resultadosapontaram homens com pontuações mais baixas associadas à realização profissional que as mulheres. As pontuações equivalentes ao esgotamentoemocional e despersonalização foram significativamente mais elevadas em profissionais com mais idade. Com relação às características laborais, maiorexperiência profissional, qualificação acadêmica inferior, atuação no ensino básico, jornada de trabalho ≥ 41 horas/semana, pluri-emprego e menorganho financeiro aumentaram significativamente as possibilidades de apresentar burnout. Concluindo, os achados do presente estudo podem ser utilizadospara delinear programas de intervenção e implantar mudanças no ambiente de trabalho destinadas ao aprimoramento da saúde laboral e do bem-estargeral dos profissionais de educação física

Design and evaluation process of a personal and motive-based competencies questionnaire in Spanish-speaking contexts

Most questionnaires used for managerial purposes have been developed in Anglo-Saxon countries and then dapted for other cultures. However, this process is controversial. This paper fills the gap for more culturally sensitive assessment instruments in the specific field of human resources while also addressing the methodological issues that scientists and practitioners face in the development of questionnaires. First, we present the development process of a Personal and Motive-based competencies questionnaire targeted to Spanish-speaking countries. Second, we address the validation process by guiding the reader through testing the questionnaire construct validity. We performed two studies: a first study with 274 experts and practitioners of competency development and a definitive study with 482 members of the general public. Our results support a model of nineteen competencies grouped into four higher-order factors. To assure valid construct comparisons we have tested the factorial invariance of gender and work experience. Subsequent analysis have found that women self-rate themselves significantly higher than men on only two of the nineteen competencies, empathy (p < .001) and service orientation (p < .05). The effect of work experience was significant in twelve competencies (p < .001), in which less experienced workers self-rate higher than experienced workers. Finally, we derive theoretical and practical implications (AU)

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Work-family conflict, self-efficacy, and emotional exhaustion: a test of longitudinal effects / Conflicto familia-trabajo, autoeficacia y cansancio emocional: un análisis de los efectos longitudinales

Based upon the revised Job Demands and Resources Model (2008) we aim first, to test the relations between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion across time and second, to determine the role of professional self-efficacy in this relation. A longitudinal study was conducted in two times, with a year of interval in a Spanish Army sample (n=242). To test the causal relations between work-family and emotional exhaustion three models are tested: normal causal, reversed causal, and causal reciprocal. To test the role of professional self-efficacy in the relation between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion four alternative models are tested: independence, antecedent, mediation, and independence plus antecedent models. Structural Equation Modeling results confirm the simultaneous reciprocal effects model as it fits the data better than the normal causal or the reverse causal models. This result suggests a spiral process, where work-family conflict predicts emotional exhaustion and at the same time emotional exhaustion increases work-family conflict. Likewise, this article contributes to clarifying the role of self-efficacy in the complex relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion (AU)

A partir del modelo revisado Demandas-Recursos Laborales (2008) este artículo pone a prueba dos objetivos: primero, analizar la relación entre el conflicto trabajo-familia y el agotamiento emocional a través del tiempo y, segundo, identificar el papel de la autoeficacia profesional en esta relación. Se trata de un estudio longitudinal con dos recogidas de datos separados por un año en una muestra de militares españoles (n=242). Se ponen a prueba tres modelos sobre la relación longitudinal entre el conflicto trabajo-familia y el cansancio emocional: el modelo causal normal, el modelo causal reverso y el modelo causal recíproco. A su vez, para probar el papel de la eficacia profesional en la relación entre el conflicto trabajo-familia y el cansancio emocional se analizan cuatro modelos alternativos: modelo de independencia, modelo antecedente, modelo de mediación y modelo de independencia más antecedente. Aplicando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales los resultados confirman la hipótesis de que el modelo causal recíproco ajusta mejor que los modelos causal normal o reverso para dar cuenta de las relaciones entre el conflicto trabajo-familia y el agotamiento emocional a través del tiempo. Estos resultados sugieren un proceso de desarrollo en espiral de forma que el conflicto trabajo-familia predice el agotamiento emocional y, a su vez, el agotamiento emocional aumenta la percepción del conflicto trabajo-familia. Asimismo, el artículo contribuye a esclarecer el papel de la autoeficacia en la relación entre el estrés y el agotamiento emocional (AU)

Legitimidad y desempeño en el trabajo: cuando el derecho legitima y el merecimiento cualifica / Legitimacy and efficacy at work: when entitlement legitimizes and deservingness qualifies

El modelo estructural del merecimiento () establece dos factores que afectan a las percepciones de legitimidad: el derecho (merecer algo por cumplir las normas establecidas para ello) y el merecimiento (merecerlo por las acciones pasadas realizadas). A pesar de la relevancia de ambos factores, trabajos previos muestran conclusiones diferentes respecto a qué factor es un mejor predictor de la legitimidad. El objetivo de este artículo es explorar la influencia de estos factores al juzgar la legitimidad y las consecuencias positivas asociadas a la elección de un aspirante para un puesto de poder. Los resultados mostraron que mientras que un candidato con derecho para ocupar el puesto se percibe más legítimo, un candidato que merece ese puesto predice unas consecuencias más positivas como resultado de dicha elección. Además, los resultados sugieren que el grado de implicación de los individuos con la elección interactúa con el derecho y el merecimiento (AU)

The structural model of deservingness () posits that entitlement and deservingness are two different predictors of perceptions of legitimacy. Specifically, entitlement refers to the accomplishment of established social rules, whereas deservingness relates to the outcomes that individuals earn as products of their actions. Although both factors are good predictors of perceived legitimacy, previous works show different conclusions about their relevance. The aim of this paper is to further examine the influence of entitlement and deservingness on legitimacy perceptions and on the consequences expected for a candidate who has been elected for a power position. Results showed that whereas a high-entitlement candidate is perceived as more legitimate, a high-deservingness candidate is expected to perform better. Besides, results hint that the level of personal implication with the candidate election plays also a relevant role in combination with entitlement and deservingness, when individuals evaluate the expected consequences of the decision (AU)

The implementation of ergonomics advice and the stage of change approach.

This paper investigates the implementation of injury prevention advice tailored according to the Stage of Change (SOC) approach. The managers of 25 workgroups, drawn from medium to large companies across a wide range of occupational sectors were allocated to receive either standard ergonomics advice or ergonomics advice tailored according to the workgroup SOC. Twelve months after the advice was provided, semi-structured interviews were conducted with each manager. In a multivariate model, managers who had received tailored advice were found to have implemented significantly more of the recommended changes (IRR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.07-2.63) and more "additional" changes (IRR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.12-3.20). Qualitative analysis identified that the key barriers and facilitators to the implementation of changes were largely related to worker resistance to change and the attitudes of senior managers towards health and safety. The findings from this study suggest that the implementation of ergonomics recommendations may be improved by the tailoring of advice according to SOC principles.

Does employee recognition affect positive psychological functioning and well-being?

Employee recognition is one of the typical characteristics of healthy organizations. The majority of research on recognition has studied the consequences of this variable on workers. But few investigations have focused on understanding what mechanisms mediate between recognition and its consequences. This work aims to understand whether the relationship between employee recognition and well-being, psychological resources mediate. To answer this question a sample of 1831 workers was used. The variables measured were: employee recognition, subjective well-being and positive psychological functioning (PPF), which consists of 11 psychological resources. In the analysis of data, structural equation models were applied. The results confirmed our hypothesis and showed that PPF mediate the relationship between recognition and well-being. The effect of recognition over PPF is two times greater (.39) with peer-recognition than with supervisor-recognition (.20), and, the effect of PPF over well-being is .59. This study highlights the importance of promoting employee recognition policies in organizations for the impact it has, not only on well-being, but also on the ositive psychological functioning of the workers (AU)

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Development and validation of the occupational hardiness questionnaire / Desarrollo y validación del Cuestionario Ocupacional de Resistencia

BACKGROUND: One of the most traditional approaches to the positive study of personality has been the research on Hardiness or Hardy Personality. However, studies about this construct have systematically suffered from a lack of sufficient psychometric guarantees of the measures. METHOD: This paper presents the Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire (OHQ), the result of a research line on the subject and its measurement with a total sample of 1,647 participants. RESULTS: Four studies show the results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), consistency, temporal reliability and construct validity. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that the OHQ has satisfactory psychometric characteristics and can be used in the study of Occupational Health and in the area of Positive Personality

ANTECEDENTES: uno de los enfoques más clásicos en el estudio positivo de la personalidad ha sido la investigación acerca de Hardiness o Personalidad Resistente. Sin embargo, los estudios con el constructo han adolecido sistemáticamente de falta de medidas con suficientes garantías psicométricas. MÉTODO: en este trabajo se presenta el Cuestionario de Resistencia Laboral (CRL), resultado de una línea de investigación sobre el tema y su medida con una muestra total de 1.647 participantes. RESULTADOS: se presentan los resultados en cuatro estudios en los que se indican los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), consistencia, fiabilidad temporal y validez de constructo. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados encontrados indican que el CRL tiene características psicométricas satisfactorias y que puede utilizarse tanto en el estudio de la salud laboral como en el enfoque de la personalidad positiva

Spanish adaptation of the Creative Potential and Practised Creativity scale (CPPC-17) in the workplace and inside the organization / Adaptación española de la escala de Potencial Creativo y de la Creatividad Practicada (CPPC-17) en el trabajo y en la organización

BACKGROUND: This study follows the theoretical framework put forward by Hinton on creative potential and practised creativity. The objective was to adapt the 17-item Creative Potential and Practised Creativity scale into Spanish and examine its psychometric properties. METHOD: The study sample was made up of 975 Spanish employees (48.5% men and 51.5% women). RESULTS: After performing a confirmatory factor analysis, the findings revealed a three-factor structure: Creative potential, Practised creativity and Perception of organizational support. Furthermore, appropriate reliability was found for all three factors as ell as initial evidence of construct validity in relation to certain external correlates and a series of scales measuring workaholism, irritation, burnout and personality. CONCLUSIONS:The present scale may prove ideal for adequately identifying Creative potential, Practised creativity and Perceived organizational support

ANTECEDENTES: este estudio se enmarca dentro de la propuesta de Hinton sobre el potencial creativo y la creatividad practicada. El objetivo fue realizar la adaptación al español de la escala Creative Potential and Practised de 17 ítems y analizar sus propiedades psicométricas. MÉTODO: los participantes de la presente investigación son 975 empleados españoles (48,5% hombres y 51,5% mujeres). RESULTADOS: los resultados obtenidos demuestran, después de realizar análisis confirmatorio, una estructura constituida por tres factores: potencial creativo, creatividad practicada y percepción de apoyo organizacional. Además, los tres factores obtenidos tienen una fiabilidad adecuada e igualmente se constatan evidencias de validez si se toman como referencia algunos correlatos externos y algunas escalas que hacen referencia a la adicción al trabajo, la irritación, el burnout y la personalidad. CONCLUSIONES: la presente escala puede resultar idónea para identificar de manera apropiada el potencial creativo, la creatividad practicada y el apoyo organizacional percibido